我们目前在Mybatis中，我们知道Mybatis的Mapper是一个接口，而不是一个实体类。在Java中接口是没有办法运行的。那么它是怎么运行的呢？它是通过动态代理运行。

一、MyBatis是怎么实现这个动态代理的

/**
 *    Copyright 2009-2015 the original author or authors.
 *
 *    Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 *    you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 *    You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *       http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 *    Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 *    distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 *    WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 *    See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 *    limitations under the License.
 */
package org.apache.ibatis.binding;

import java.io.Serializable;
import java.lang.reflect.InvocationHandler;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.util.Map;

import org.apache.ibatis.reflection.ExceptionUtil;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSession;

/**
 * @author Clinton Begin
 * @author Eduardo Macarron
 */
public class MapperProxy<T> implements InvocationHandler, Serializable {

  private static final long serialVersionUID = -6424540398559729838L;
  private final SqlSession sqlSession;
  private final Class<T> mapperInterface;
  private final Map<Method, MapperMethod> methodCache;

  public MapperProxy(SqlSession sqlSession, Class<T> mapperInterface, Map<Method, MapperMethod> methodCache) {
    this.sqlSession = sqlSession;
    this.mapperInterface = mapperInterface;
    this.methodCache = methodCache;
  }

  @Override
  public Object invoke(Object proxy, Method method, Object[] args) throws Throwable {
    if (Object.class.equals(method.getDeclaringClass())) {
      try {
        return method.invoke(this, args);
      } catch (Throwable t) {
        throw ExceptionUtil.unwrapThrowable(t);
      }
    }
    final MapperMethod mapperMethod = cachedMapperMethod(method);
    return mapperMethod.execute(sqlSession, args);
  }

  private MapperMethod cachedMapperMethod(Method method) {
    MapperMethod mapperMethod = methodCache.get(method);
    if (mapperMethod == null) {
      mapperMethod = new MapperMethod(mapperInterface, method, sqlSession.getConfiguration());
      methodCache.put(method, mapperMethod);
    }
    return mapperMethod;
  }
}

于是让我们看看这个execute方法的源码：

package org.apache.ibatis.binding;


public class MapperMethod {

  private final SqlCommand command;
  private final MethodSignature method;

  public MapperMethod(Class<?> mapperInterface, Method method, Configuration config) {
    this.command = new SqlCommand(config, mapperInterface, method);
    this.method = new MethodSignature(config, method);
  }

  public Object execute(SqlSession sqlSession, Object[] args) {
    Object result;
    if (SqlCommandType.INSERT == command.getType()) {
      Object param = method.convertArgsToSqlCommandParam(args);
      result = rowCountResult(sqlSession.insert(command.getName(), param));
    } else if (SqlCommandType.UPDATE == command.getType()) {
      Object param = method.convertArgsToSqlCommandParam(args);
      result = rowCountResult(sqlSession.update(command.getName(), param));
    } else if (SqlCommandType.DELETE == command.getType()) {
      Object param = method.convertArgsToSqlCommandParam(args);
      result = rowCountResult(sqlSession.delete(command.getName(), param));
    } else if (SqlCommandType.SELECT == command.getType()) {
      if (method.returnsVoid() && method.hasResultHandler()) {
        executeWithResultHandler(sqlSession, args);
        result = null;
      } else if (method.returnsMany()) {
        <span style="color:#FF0000;">result = executeForMany(sqlSession, args);//我们主要看看这个方法</span>
      } else if (method.returnsMap()) {
        result = executeForMap(sqlSession, args);
      } else {
        Object param = method.convertArgsToSqlCommandParam(args);
        result = sqlSession.selectOne(command.getName(), param);
      }
    } else if (SqlCommandType.FLUSH == command.getType()) {
        result = sqlSession.flushStatements();
    } else {
      throw new BindingException("Unknown execution method for: " + command.getName());
    }
    if (result == null && method.getReturnType().isPrimitive() && !method.returnsVoid()) {
      throw new BindingException("Mapper method '" + command.getName() 
          + " attempted to return null from a method with a primitive return type (" + method.getReturnType() + ").");
    }
    return result;
  }
 ........
  //方法还是很多，我们不需要全看就看一个很常用的查询返回多条记录的
  private <E> Object executeForMany(SqlSession sqlSession, Object[] args) {
    List<E> result;
    Object param = method.convertArgsToSqlCommandParam(args);
    if (method.hasRowBounds()) {
      RowBounds rowBounds = method.extractRowBounds(args);
      result = sqlSession.<E>selectList(command.getName(), param, rowBounds);
    } else {
      <span style="color:#FF0000;">result = sqlSession.<E>selectList(command.getName(), param);</span>
    }
    // issue #510 Collections & arrays support
    if (!method.getReturnType().isAssignableFrom(result.getClass())) {
      if (method.getReturnType().isArray()) {
        return convertToArray(result);
      } else {
        return convertToDeclaredCollection(sqlSession.getConfiguration(), result);
      }
    }
    return result;
  }
  .......
 }

至此，相信大家已经了解了Mybatis为什么只用mappper接口便能够运行sql，因为mapperd的xml文件的命名空间对应的便是这个接口全路径，那么它根据全路径和方法名，便能够绑定起来，通过动态代理技术，让这个接口跑起来。

二、SqlSession下面的四大对象之一-----执行器(executor)

首先我先解释一下标题 四大对象是指：executor, statementHandler,parameterHandler，resultSetHandler对象。（为了方便下面的文章说道四大对象就专指它们）

它们都是sqlSession的底层类实现，也是插件能够拦截的四大对象。所以这里已经触及了Mybatis的底层，动态代理，反射随时可以看到，了解他们的协作，是插件编写的基础之一，所以这是十分的重要。

Executor在sqlSession中的应用

一个mapper被执行是通过动态代理来完成的，然后进入到了sqlSession的方法中去。这个并不难理解，但是sqlSession内部是怎么运行的呢?答案四大对象的协作。在SqlSession它还是一个接口，mybatis内部是通过DefaultSqlSession这个实现类为我们提供服务的,它比较长，但是我们不需要全部看到，我们只看到很常用的selectList方法便可以了。

package org.apache.ibatis.session.defaults;
public class DefaultSqlSession implements SqlSession {

  private Configuration configuration;
  private Executor executor;

  private boolean autoCommit;
  private boolean dirty;

.......
@Override
  public <E> List<E> selectList(String statement, Object parameter, RowBounds rowBounds) {
    try {
      MappedStatement ms = configuration.getMappedStatement(statement);
      return executor.query(ms, wrapCollection(parameter), rowBounds, Executor.NO_RESULT_HANDLER);
    } catch (Exception e) {
      throw ExceptionFactory.wrapException("Error querying database.  Cause: " + e, e);
    } finally {
      ErrorContext.instance().reset();
    }
  }
......
}

初认Executor

那么我们对executor就很感兴趣，于是我们看看executor是怎么样的，首先在MyBATIS中有三种executor:

SimpleExecutor -- SIMPLE 就是普通的执行器。

ReuseExecutor -执行器会重用预处理语句（prepared statements）

BatchExecutor --它是批量执行器

这些就是mybatis的三种执行器。你可以通过配置文件的settings里面的元素defaultExecutorType，配置它，默认是采用SimpleExecutor如果你在Spring运用它，那么你可以这么配置它：

<bean id="sqlSessionTemplateBatch" class="org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionTemplate">     
<constructor-arg index="0" ref="sqlSessionFactory" />  
<!--更新采用批量的executor -->  
<constructor-arg index="1" value="BATCH"/>  
</bean>  

Executor初始化

首先我们先了解一下mybatis是怎么样生成executor的。我们看到生成Executor的地方(org.apache.ibatis.session.Configuration)：

public Executor newExecutor(Transaction transaction, ExecutorType executorType) {
    executorType = executorType == null ? defaultExecutorType : executorType;
    executorType = executorType == null ? ExecutorType.SIMPLE : executorType;
    Executor executor;
    if (ExecutorType.BATCH == executorType) {
      executor = new BatchExecutor(this, transaction);
    } else if (ExecutorType.REUSE == executorType) {
      executor = new ReuseExecutor(this, transaction);
    } else {
      executor = new SimpleExecutor(this, transaction);
    }
    if (cacheEnabled) {
      executor = new CachingExecutor(executor);
    }
    executor = (Executor) interceptorChain.pluginAll(executor);
    return executor;
  }

executor = (Executor) interceptorChain.pluginAll(executor);

public Object pluginAll(Object target) {
    for (Interceptor interceptor : interceptors) {
      target = interceptor.plugin(target);
    }
    return target;
  }

Interceptor它是mybatis拦截器必须要实现的接口，换句话说，这个遍历就是遍历mybatis的拦截器。

然后调用plugin方法，这个方法是为了生成代理对象（占位）的。于是可以想象我们的插件的代理对象将会是一层层的嵌套，所以当中任何一个插件（Interceptor）都有机会拦截这个真是的服务对象(executor)，则便是责任链模式，我们完全可以提供插件（Interceptor），进入到代理对象的invoke方法里面，来改变executor的行为和方法。

public class Plugin implements InvocationHandler {

  private Object target;
  private Interceptor interceptor;
  private Map<Class<?>, Set<Method>> signatureMap;

  private Plugin(Object target, Interceptor interceptor, Map<Class<?>, Set<Method>> signatureMap) {
    this.target = target;
    this.interceptor = interceptor;
    this.signatureMap = signatureMap;
  }

  public static Object wrap(Object target, Interceptor interceptor) {
    Map<Class<?>, Set<Method>> signatureMap = getSignatureMap(interceptor);
    Class<?> type = target.getClass();
    Class<?>[] interfaces = getAllInterfaces(type, signatureMap);
    if (interfaces.length > 0) {
      return Proxy.newProxyInstance(
          type.getClassLoader(),
          interfaces,
          new Plugin(target, interceptor, signatureMap));
    }
    return target;
  }
  
  @Override
  public Object invoke(Object proxy, Method method, Object[] args) throws Throwable {
    try {
      Set<Method> methods = signatureMap.get(method.getDeclaringClass());
      if (methods != null && methods.contains(method)) {
        return interceptor.intercept(new Invocation(target, method, args));
      }
      return method.invoke(target, args);
    } catch (Exception e) {
      throw ExceptionUtil.unwrapThrowable(e);
    }
  }
 ......
}

invoke方法：很简单，它运行首先通过class和method的过滤，看看是否需要拦截这个方法，如果被拦截，那么它就运行interceptor的intercept方法。所以当我们配置了签名，就能够拦截我们的方法。

我们先讨论那么多，我们知道后面讲插件的时候我们还会提及它，这里我们知道它会根据插件的个数生成一层层的代理对象就可以了。

executor的执行

executor的执行是依赖于Statement对象来操作的，让我们以SimpleExecutor的doQuery方法为例子：

public class SimpleExecutor extends BaseExecutor {
......
  
  @Override
  public <E> List<E> doQuery(MappedStatement ms, Object parameter, RowBounds rowBounds, ResultHandler resultHandler, BoundSql boundSql) throws SQLException {
    Statement stmt = null;
    try {
      Configuration configuration = ms.getConfiguration();
      StatementHandler handler = configuration.newStatementHandler(wrapper, ms, parameter, rowBounds, resultHandler, boundSql);
      stmt = prepareStatement(handler, ms.getStatementLog());
      return handler.<E>query(stmt, resultHandler);
    } finally {
      closeStatement(stmt);
    }
  }

  ......
  private Statement prepareStatement(StatementHandler handler, Log statementLog) throws SQLException {
    Statement stmt;
    Connection connection = getConnection(statementLog);
    stmt = handler.prepare(connection);
    handler.parameterize(stmt);
    return stmt;
  }

}

首先它先生成StatementHandler对象。

通过prepareStatement方法调用prepare方法初始化参数。

然后使用parameterize方法设置参数到运行环境。

然后便通过handler.<E>query(stmt, resultHandler);方法来完成结果组装。

于是我们的焦点就集中在了StatementHandler对象上。

三、SqlSession下面的四大对象之一-----statementHandler

首先我们先来看看statementHandler接口的定义：

public interface StatementHandler {

  Statement prepare(Connection connection)
      throws SQLException;

  void parameterize(Statement statement)
      throws SQLException;

  void batch(Statement statement)
      throws SQLException;

  int update(Statement statement)
      throws SQLException;

  <E> List<E> query(Statement statement, ResultHandler resultHandler)
      throws SQLException;

  BoundSql getBoundSql();

  ParameterHandler getParameterHandler();

}

这里有几个重要的方法，prepare,parameterize和query，update，他们的作用是不一样的。

在MyBatis实现了statementHandler的有四个类：

RoutingStatementHandler，这是一个封装类，它不提供具体的实现，只是根据Executor的类型，创建不同的类型StatementHandler。

SimpleStatementHandler，这个类对应于JDBC的Statement对象，用于没有预编译参数的SQL的运行。

PreparedStatementHandler 这个用于预编译参数SQL的运行。

CallableStatementHandler 它将实存储过程的调度。

在MyBatis中，Configuration对象会采用new RoutingStatementHandler()来生成StatementHandler对象，换句话说我们真正使用的是RoutingStatementHandler对象，然后它会根据Executor的类型去创建对应具体的statementHandler对象（SimpleStatementHandler，PreparedStatementHandler和CallableStatementHandler）。

然后利用具体statementHandler的方法完成所需要的功能。那么这个具体的statementHandler是保存在RoutingStatementHandler对象的delegate属性的，所以当我们拦截statementHandler的时候就要常常访问它了。

 @Override
  public Statement prepare(Connection connection) throws SQLException {
    ErrorContext.instance().sql(boundSql.getSql());
    Statement statement = null;
    try {
      statement = instantiateStatement(connection);
      setStatementTimeout(statement);
      setFetchSize(statement);
      return statement;
    } catch (SQLException e) {
      closeStatement(statement);
      throw e;
    } catch (Exception e) {
      closeStatement(statement);
      throw new ExecutorException("Error preparing statement.  Cause: " + e, e);
    }
  }

  protected abstract Statement instantiateStatement(Connection connection) throws SQLException;

@Override
  protected Statement instantiateStatement(Connection connection) throws SQLException {
    String sql = boundSql.getSql();
    if (mappedStatement.getKeyGenerator() instanceof Jdbc3KeyGenerator) {
      String[] keyColumnNames = mappedStatement.getKeyColumns();
      if (keyColumnNames == null) {
        return connection.prepareStatement(sql, PreparedStatement.RETURN_GENERATED_KEYS);
      } else {
        return connection.prepareStatement(sql, keyColumnNames);
      }
    } else if (mappedStatement.getResultSetType() != null) {
      return connection.prepareStatement(sql, mappedStatement.getResultSetType().getValue(), ResultSet.CONCUR_READ_ONLY);
    } else {
      return connection.prepareStatement(sql);
    }
  }

上面我们在prepare方法里面预编译了SQL。那么我们这个时候希望设置参数。在Statement中我们是使用parameterize方法进行设置参数的。让我们看看PreparedStatementHandler中的parameterize方法：

@Override
  public void parameterize(Statement statement) throws SQLException {
    parameterHandler.setParameters((PreparedStatement) statement);
  }

我们用了prepare方法预编译了SQL，用了parameterize方法设置参数，那么我们接下来肯定是想执行SQL，而SQL无非是两种：

一种是进行查询——query，另外就是更新——update。

这些方法都很简单，让我们看看PreparedStatementHandler的实现：

@Override
  public int update(Statement statement) throws SQLException {
    PreparedStatement ps = (PreparedStatement) statement;
    ps.execute();
    int rows = ps.getUpdateCount();
    Object parameterObject = boundSql.getParameterObject();
    KeyGenerator keyGenerator = mappedStatement.getKeyGenerator();
    keyGenerator.processAfter(executor, mappedStatement, ps, parameterObject);
    return rows;
  }

......
@Override
  public <E> List<E> query(Statement statement, ResultHandler resultHandler) throws SQLException {
    PreparedStatement ps = (PreparedStatement) statement;
    ps.execute();
    return resultSetHandler.<E> handleResultSets(ps);
  }

如果是进行query的就更加简单了，它就是执行SQL语句，然后讲结果使用resultHandler的handleResultSets去完成我们的结果组装。至于resultsetHandler的内部实现还是很复杂的，值得期待哦。这里我们暂且不讲等待下一章吧。

StatementHandler是MyBatis四大对象里面最重要的对象，它的方法是十分重要的，也是我们插件的基础。

当我们需要改变sql的时候，显然我们要在预编译SQL(prepare方法前加入修改的逻辑)。

当我们需要修改参数的时候我们可以在调用parameterize方法前修改逻辑。或者使用ParameterHandler来改造设置参数。

我们需要控制组装结果集的时候，也可以在query方法前后加入逻辑，或者使用ResultHandler来改造组装结果。

懂的这些方法，才能理解我需要拦截什么对象，如何处理插件，这是MyBatis的核心内容。

四、SqlSession下面的四大对象之一-----parmeterHandler和resultsetHandler

package org.apache.ibatis.executor.parameter;

import java.sql.PreparedStatement;
import java.sql.SQLException;

/**
 * A parameter handler sets the parameters of the {@code PreparedStatement}
 *
 * @author Clinton Begin
 */
public interface ParameterHandler {

  Object getParameterObject();

  void setParameters(PreparedStatement ps)
      throws SQLException;

}

让我们看看它的实现类：DefaultParameterHandler

/**
 *    Copyright 2009-2015 the original author or authors.
 *
 *    Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 *    you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 *    You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *       http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 *    Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 *    distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 *    WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 *    See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 *    limitations under the License.
 */
package org.apache.ibatis.scripting.defaults;

import java.sql.PreparedStatement;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.util.List;

import org.apache.ibatis.executor.ErrorContext;
import org.apache.ibatis.executor.parameter.ParameterHandler;
import org.apache.ibatis.mapping.BoundSql;
import org.apache.ibatis.mapping.MappedStatement;
import org.apache.ibatis.mapping.ParameterMapping;
import org.apache.ibatis.mapping.ParameterMode;
import org.apache.ibatis.reflection.MetaObject;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.Configuration;
import org.apache.ibatis.type.JdbcType;
import org.apache.ibatis.type.TypeException;
import org.apache.ibatis.type.TypeHandler;
import org.apache.ibatis.type.TypeHandlerRegistry;

/**
 * @author Clinton Begin
 * @author Eduardo Macarron
 */
public class DefaultParameterHandler implements ParameterHandler {

  private final TypeHandlerRegistry typeHandlerRegistry;

  private final MappedStatement mappedStatement;
  private final Object parameterObject;
  private BoundSql boundSql;
  private Configuration configuration;

  public DefaultParameterHandler(MappedStatement mappedStatement, Object parameterObject, BoundSql boundSql) {
    this.mappedStatement = mappedStatement;
    this.configuration = mappedStatement.getConfiguration();
    this.typeHandlerRegistry = mappedStatement.getConfiguration().getTypeHandlerRegistry();
    this.parameterObject = parameterObject;
    this.boundSql = boundSql;
  }

  @Override
  public Object getParameterObject() {
    return parameterObject;
  }

  @Override
  public void setParameters(PreparedStatement ps) {
    ErrorContext.instance().activity("setting parameters").object(mappedStatement.getParameterMap().getId());
    List<ParameterMapping> parameterMappings = boundSql.getParameterMappings();
    if (parameterMappings != null) {
      for (int i = 0; i < parameterMappings.size(); i++) {
        ParameterMapping parameterMapping = parameterMappings.get(i);
        if (parameterMapping.getMode() != ParameterMode.OUT) {
          Object value;
          String propertyName = parameterMapping.getProperty();
          if (boundSql.hasAdditionalParameter(propertyName)) { // issue #448 ask first for additional params
            value = boundSql.getAdditionalParameter(propertyName);
          } else if (parameterObject == null) {
            value = null;
          } else if (typeHandlerRegistry.hasTypeHandler(parameterObject.getClass())) {
            value = parameterObject;
          } else {
            MetaObject metaObject = configuration.newMetaObject(parameterObject);
            value = metaObject.getValue(propertyName);
          }
          TypeHandler typeHandler = parameterMapping.getTypeHandler();
          JdbcType jdbcType = parameterMapping.getJdbcType();
          if (value == null && jdbcType == null) {
            jdbcType = configuration.getJdbcTypeForNull();
          }
          try {
            typeHandler.setParameter(ps, i + 1, value, jdbcType);
          } catch (TypeException e) {
            throw new TypeException("Could not set parameters for mapping: " + parameterMapping + ". Cause: " + e, e);
          } catch (SQLException e) {
            throw new TypeException("Could not set parameters for mapping: " + parameterMapping + ". Cause: " + e, e);
          }
        }
      }
    }
  }

}

package org.apache.ibatis.session;

/**
 * @author Clinton Begin
 */
public interface ResultHandler<T> {

  void handleResult(ResultContext<? extends T> resultContext);

}

因为掌握好四大对象的基本方法，了解他们的作用是我们插件编写的根本，没有掌握它们你是没有办法准确的去编写你的插件的。

尤其是对StatmentHanlder的掌握尤其重要。