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SpringCloud Ribbon客户端负载均衡模块

本文转载自  weixin_38187317  查看原文  2018/04/07  28    spring/ cloud/ springcloud/ 客户端负载均衡/ SpringCloud Ribbon/ 负载均衡/ 模块           

说明

SpringCloud Ribbon是一个基于HTTP与TCP的客户端负载均衡工具，它基于Netflix Ribbon实现。通过Spring Cloud的封装，可以让我们轻松地将面向服务的REST模版请求自动转换成客户端负载均衡的服务调用。

客户端负载均衡：在客户端负载均衡中，所有的客户端节点都有一份自己要访问的服务端清单，这些清单统统都是从Eureka服务注册中心获取的。在Spring Cloud中我们如果想要使用客户端负载均衡，方法很简单，开启@LoadBalanced注解即可，这样客户端在发起请求的时候会先自行选择一个服务端，向该服务端发起请求，从而实现负载均衡。

目标

使用SpringCloud Eureka创建服务提供者和消费者，使用SpringCloud Ribbon实现客户端负载均衡。

快速使用

（Eureka沿用上一篇的项目，首先启动两个Eureka注册中心）

服务提供者*2

首先给出项目结构


1 更新pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
	<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

	<groupId>yunlingfly</groupId>
	<artifactId>mavenspringcloudclient</artifactId>
	<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
	<packaging>jar</packaging>

	<name>mavenspringcloudclient</name>
	<description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>

	<parent>
		<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
		<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
		<version>1.5.10.RELEASE</version>
		<relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
	</parent>

	<properties>
		<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
		<project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
		<java.version>1.8</java.version>
		<spring-cloud.version>Dalston.SR2</spring-cloud.version>
	</properties>

	<dependencies>
                <dependency>
                        <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                        <artifactId>spring-cloud-config-server</artifactId>
                </dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId>
		</dependency>

		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
			<scope>test</scope>
		</dependency>
	</dependencies>

	<dependencyManagement>
		<dependencies>
			<dependency>
				<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
				<artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
				<version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
				<type>pom</type>
				<scope>import</scope>
			</dependency>
		</dependencies>
	</dependencyManagement>

	<build>
		<plugins>
			<plugin>
				<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
				<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
			</plugin>
		</plugins>
	</build>
</project>

2 更新application.yml

eureka:
  enabled: true
  client:
    registerWithEureka: true
    fetchRegistry: true
    serviceUrl:
        # 如果是本机测试将xxx换成localhost即可，服务器则填写IP地址
      defaultZone: http://xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx:8761/eureka/,http://xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx:8762/eureka/
# 如果服务提供者不是运行在本机的话需要加上下面的注释，否则注册中心无法通过ip查找服务（从注册中心的实例名称也能看出来）
#  instance:
#    preferIpAddress: true
#    instance-id: ${spring.cloud.client.ipAddress}:${server.port}
#    hostname: ${spring.cloud.client.ipAddress}
#    ipAddress: 120.79.66.240
server:
  port: 8763
info:
  name: 服务提供者-8763
  version: 0.0.1
spring:
  application:
    name: eureka-client

3 编写启动类

package yunlingfly.mavenspringcloudclient;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.EnableDiscoveryClient;

// 启动类
@SpringBootApplication
// Eureka服务提供者
@EnableDiscoveryClient
public class MavenspringcloudclientApplication {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		SpringApplication.run(MavenspringcloudclientApplication.class, args);
	}
}

4 编写服务提供者的Controller层

package yunlingfly.mavenspringcloudclient.controller;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

@RestController
public class ServiceInstanceRestController {
	@Value("${server.port}")
	String port;

	@RequestMapping("/hi")
	public String home(@RequestParam String name) {
		return "hi " + name + ",i am from port:" + port;
	}

}

请另外再新建一个和这个服务提供者一样的项目，只需要改动application.yml的server.port属性即可例如server.port=8765（不要与前面的重复）

服务消费者

首先给出项目结构


1 更新pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
	<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

	<groupId>yunlingfly</groupId>
	<artifactId>mavenspringcloudribbon</artifactId>
	<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
	<packaging>jar</packaging>

	<name>mavenspringcloudribbon</name>
	<description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>

	<parent>
		<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
		<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
		<version>1.5.10.RELEASE</version>
		<relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
	</parent>

	<properties>
		<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
		<project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
		<java.version>1.8</java.version>
		<spring-cloud.version>Dalston.SR2</spring-cloud.version>
	</properties>

	<dependencies>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId>
		</dependency>

		<!-- 客户端均衡负载 -->
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-ribbon</artifactId>
		</dependency>

		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
		</dependency>

		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka-server</artifactId>
		</dependency>

		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
			<scope>test</scope>
		</dependency>
	</dependencies>

	<dependencyManagement>
		<dependencies>
			<dependency>
				<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
				<artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
				<version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
				<type>pom</type>
				<scope>import</scope>
			</dependency>
		</dependencies>
	</dependencyManagement>

	<build>
		<plugins>
			<plugin>
				<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
				<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
			</plugin>
		</plugins>
	</build>
</project>

2 更新application.yml

eureka:
  client:
    serviceUrl:
      defaultZone: http://xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx:8761/eureka/,http://xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx:8762/eureka/
server:
  port: 8764
spring:
  application:
    name: service-ribbon
info:
  app:
    name: 一个消费者
    version: 0.0.1

3 编写启动类

package yunlingfly.mavenspringcloudribbon;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.EnableDiscoveryClient;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.loadbalancer.LoadBalanced;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;

// 启动类
@SpringBootApplication
// 向服务中心注册
@EnableDiscoveryClient
public class MavenspringcloudribbonApplication {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		SpringApplication.run(MavenspringcloudribbonApplication.class, args);
	}
	@Bean
	// @LoadBalanced注解表明这个restRemplate开启负载均衡的功能
	@LoadBalanced
	RestTemplate restTemplate() {
		return new RestTemplate();
	}
}

4 编写服务消费者的Controller层

package yunlingfly.mavenspringcloudribbon.controller;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;

@RestController
public class HelloControler {
    @Autowired
    RestTemplate restTemplate;
    @RequestMapping(value = "/hi")
    public String hi(@RequestParam String name){
        return restTemplate.getForObject("http://eureka-client/hi?name="+name,String.class);
    }
}
运行

首先启动服务提供者*2，然后启动服务消费者，然后浏览器输入http://localhost:8764/hi?name=芸灵fly即可看到效果（服务由8763与8765端口的服务交替提供）



查看Eureka发现Eureka-client的服务有两个


注意事项：使用@LoadBalanced为RestTemplate开启负载均衡；测试时如果服务提供者与服务消费者不在同一台机器上，需要加上eureka.instance的各种属性配置，具体查看上文application.yml的注释

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